Development of a Theoretical Model of Readiness for Independent Aging Based on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Social Support among Pre-Elderly Adults
Pengembangan Model Teoretis Kesiapan Menua secara Mandiri Berdasarkan Gizi, Aktivitas Fisik, dan Dukungan Sosial pada Orang Dewasa Pra-Lansia
Keywords:
Healthy Aging, Independent Aging, Nutrition, Physical Activity, Social SupportAbstract
The increasing proportion of the aging population has become a major public health challenge due to the growing prevalence of degenerative diseases and the decline in functional independence among older adults. Preparing individuals during the pre-elderly period is considered a strategic approach to promote healthy aging and prevent functional decline in later life. This study aimed to develop a theoretical model of readiness for independent aging based on the interaction of nutritional factors, physical activity, and social support among pre-elderly adults. A quantitative explanatory study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 50 pre-elderly respondents in Pagongan Village, Tegal Regency. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires and anthropometric measurements, and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The simulation results demonstrated that all constructs met the requirements of validity and reliability, with Average Variance Extracted (AVE) values above 0.50 and Composite Reliability values above 0.70. The structural model showed good predictive ability (R² = 0.684; SRMR = 0.064), indicating that nutritional factors, physical activity, and social support explained 68.4% of the variance in readiness for independent aging. Physical activity was identified as the strongest determinant (β = 0.447; p < 0.001), followed by nutritional factors (β = 0.321; p = 0.001) and social support (β = 0.289; p = 0.003). The proposed theoretical model highlights that readiness for independent aging is a multidimensional construct influenced by biological, behavioral, and psychosocial determinants. This model provides a conceptual foundation for developing preventive strategies, health promotion programs, and future intervention studies aimed at supporting healthy aging and reducing the risk of degenerative diseases among pre-elderly populations.
Downloads
References
[1] N. Desember, W. Kerja, and P. Dumai, “SENTRI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah,” vol. 2, no. 12, pp. 5199–5207, 2023.
[2] H. Pada, L. Di, W. Kerja, and P. Maesan, “HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DENGAN PERILAKU PENGENDALIAN HIPERTENSI PADA LANSIA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS MAESAN Relationship Between Family Support and Hypertension Control Behavior in The Elderly in The Work Area of Maesan Public Health Center,” pp. 410–419.
[3] S. Fijri et al., “Penyakit Degeneratif Pada Lansia : Pencegahan Dan Penanganannya,” vol. 4, pp. 99–117, 2025.
[4] L. Ekawati, C. Zahroh, A. Munjidah, W. Afridah, and I. Noventi, “QUALITY OF LIFE PADA LANSIA Quality of Life in The Elderly Magister Keperawatan , Faculty of Nursing , Universitas Indonesia Universitas Nahdatul Ulama Surabaya”.
[5] H. Lansia, “Jurnal Jendela Inovasi Daerah,” pp. 105–118, 2025.
[6] E. Rudnicka, P. Napiera, A. Pod, R. Smolarczyk, and M. Grymowicz, “Maturitas The World Health Organization ( WHO ) approach to healthy ageing,” no. January, 2020.
[7] J. I. Kesehatan, D. Komunitas, R. P. Satria, and R. A. Rahmat, “Barongko Barongko,” vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 1486–1493, 2026.
[8] C. Zhang and C. Dong, “The Influence of Social Support on the Mental Health of Elderly Individuals in Healthy Communities with the Framework of Mental Toughness,” no. June, pp. 2977–2988, 2023.
[9] S. Support, “Dukungan Sosial dengan Kualitas Hidup pada Lansia yang Sudah Ditinggal oleh Pasangan Hidupnya di Bitung Highlight :,” vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 250–257, 2025.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Istiqomah Dwi Andari, Riska Arsita Harnawati, Adevia Maulidya Chikmah (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after its publication in Smartcomp with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
